Vascular Plants

Includes all flowering plants, conifers, ferns and fern-allies.


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Scientific names beginning with L:
70 genera
260 species, 59 subspecies and varieties
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Index to genera:
Laburnum, Lactuca, Ladeania, Lagophylla, Lallemantia, Lamium, Lappula, Lapsana, Larix, Lasthenia, Lathrocasis, Lathyrus, Lavandula, Layia, Leersia, Lemna, Leontodon, Leonurus, Lepidium, Leptarrhena, Leptosiphon, Lepyrodiclis, Leucanthemum, Leucojum, Levisticum, Lewisia, Lewisiopsis, Leymus, Ligusticum, Ligustrum, Lilaeopsis, Lilium, Limnanthes, Limnobium, Limonium, Limosella, Linanthus, Linaria, Lindernia, Linnaea, Linum, Liparis, Lipocarpha, Lithophragma, Lithospermum, Lloydia, Lobelia, Lobularia, Loeflingia, Logfia, Lolium, Lomatium, Lonicera, Lotus, Ludwigia, Luetkea, Luina, Lunaria, Lupinus, Luzula, Lychnis, Lycium, Lycopodiella, Lycopodium, Lycopsis, Lycopus, Lygodesmia, Lysichiton, Lysimachia, Lythrum
Laburnum anagyroidis – golden chain-tree
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest at low elevations in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Utah.
Habitat: Forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed sites often in proximity to residential development where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lactuca biennis – tall blue lettuce, wild blue lettuce
Distribution: Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Lactuca canadensis – Canadian wild lettuce, Florida blue lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest; Yukon Territory to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, disturbed forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca ludoviciana – Louisiana lettuce, prairie lettuce, western lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations across Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to the Great Lakes region and south-central U.S.
Habitat: Open, disturbed sites, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from central North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Lactuca saligna – least lettuce, willow lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in Washington; Washington to California, east across the southwestern U.S. to the central U.S. and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, roadsides, and meadows.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca sativa – garden lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho; in scattered locations in the central U.S., more commonly distributed in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca serriola – prickly lettuce
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca tatarica – blue lettuce
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Meadows, thickets, and other moist places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. pulchella – blue lettuce
Lactuca virosa – great lettuce, tall lettuce, wild lettuce
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland areas in Washington; also in California, Mississippi, and Maryland.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, sidewalks, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Biennial
Ladeania lanceolata – wild lemonweed, lance-leaf scurfpea, lemon scurf-pea
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush steppe habitat in dry areas, often where sandy.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June (September-October)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lagophylla ramosissima – slender hareleaf, common rabbitleaf
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in sagebrush plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lallemantia peltata – lion's heart
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent northeastern Oregon and likely western Idaho.
Habitat: Dry slopes, roadsides, fields, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lamium amplexicaule – common dead-nettle, giraffehead
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Weed in distrurbed areas, fields, lawns.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lamium galeobdolon – yellow archangel, yellow dead-nettle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Lowland forest understory, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lamium hybridum – cutleaf dead-nettle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California; also in southern and eastern North America.
Habitat: Field, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Lamium maculatum – spotted hen-nettle, spotted henbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lamium purpureum – red dead-nettle, henbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, parks, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at lower elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lappula longispina – long-spined stickseed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to southwest Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, dry slopes, basalt rimrock, and sand dunes
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lappula occidentalis – western stickseed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert and open, rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. cupulata – cupulate stickseed
Lappula squarrosa – bristly sheepburr, bristly stickseed, common stickseed, European stickseed, bristly-fruited tickweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, disturbed areas, roadside.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lapsana communis – common nipplewort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more often west of the crest; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including roadsides, wastelots, fields, and forest edge.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Larix lyallii – subalpine larch
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to the central Cascades and Wenatchee Mountains in Washington, east to Montana and Alberta.
Habitat: Generally near timberline, preferring north-facing slopes.
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July (cone production)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Larix lyallii × Larix occidentalis
Origin: Native
Larix occidentalis – western larch
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Mountain valleys to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lasthenia glaberrima – smooth goldfields, smooth lasthenia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Wet or muddy ground at low elevations, including venral pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lasthenia maritima – maritime goldfields, seaside goldfields
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal islands, headlands, and seabird nesting sites.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lasthenia minor – coastal goldfields
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington, where known from a single collection in Skagit County; central California.
Habitat: Coastal balds and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Arpril-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Lathrocasis tenerrima – delicate gilia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Okanogan, Douglas, and Chelan counties in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings, Ponderosa pine forest openings, and montane shrub-steppe communities.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Lathyrus angulatus – angled peavine
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Lathyrus aphaca – yellow vetchling
Distribution: Known only from San Juan County in Washington; Washington to California, and in scattered locations in central and southern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lathyrus holochlorus – thin-leaf vetchling
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Woodlands, prairies, pastures, and roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus japonicus – beach pea
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the Puget Sound and outer coast in Washington; Alaska to California; also along the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sandy beaches, dunes, and headlands along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus lanszwertii – Nevada peavine, thick-leaved peavine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush-ponderosa pine woodland to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. aridus – pinewoods peavine
• var. bijugatus – drypark pea
• var. lanszwertii – thick-leaved peavine
Lathyrus latifolius – everlasting peavine, perennial peavine
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, forest edge, and other disturbed areas, usually where somewhat moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus littoralis – beach peavine, silky beach vetchling
Distribution: Occurring in the coastal counties in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Sand dunes and sandy beaches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus nevadensis – Sierra peavine
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open woods at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. cusickii – Cusick's pea
• var. nevadensis – Sierra pea
• var. parkeri – Parker's Sierra peavine
Lathyrus ochroleucus – cream-flowered peavine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest along the northern border of Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across the northern U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist woods, at the edge of thickets.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus palustris – marsh peavine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the Puget Sound and outer coast in Washington; Alaska to California, also in the Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Chiefly in tidelands along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus pauciflorus – few-flowered peavine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Arizona.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe to Ponderosa pine and higher open forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. pauciflorus – few-flowered pea
Lathyrus polyphyllus – leafy peavine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland Washington, and east up the Columbia River Gorge; Washington to California.
Habitat: Prairies and open areas of low mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus sphaericus – grass peavine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest along the southern border of Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, ditches, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Lathyrus sylvestris – narrow-leaf peavine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in eastern North America
Habitat: Roadsides and waste places at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus torreyi – Torrey's peavine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Open prairies and clearings in the woods at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus tuberosus – tuberous pea, earth-nut peavine
Distribution: Known from Okanogan County in Washington; Washington and Montana, also in eastern North America.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lathyrus vestitus – Pacific peavine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist woodlands, open slopes, and roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. ochropetalus – Pacific peavine
Layia glandulosa – white layia, white daisy tidytips
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from sagebrush desert to low elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Leersia oryzoides – rice cutgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet places, often in fairly deep water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lemna minor – common duckweed, lesser duckweed, water lentil
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; cosmopolitan.
Habitat: In standing or slow-moving fresh water
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lemna minuta – least duckweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east across the U.S. in scattered locations to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Floating on surface of calm water or on face of vertical rock seeps.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lemna trisulca – ivy duckweed, ivy-leaved duckweed, star duckweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast; cosmopolitan.
Habitat: Quiet streams and standing fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lemna turionifera – turion duckweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast; also in Eurasia.
Habitat: In standing or slow-moving fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leontodon autumnalis – autumn hawkbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, pastures, open fields and other disturbed areas primarily in the lowlands, but also found along roads at alpine elevations in the mountains (e.g., Mt. Baker area).
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leontodon saxatilis – hairy hawkbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, Nevada, and Arizona, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
• ssp. saxatilis – lesser hawkbit
Leonurus cardiaca – motherwort, Lion's tail
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, often in association with cities and towns where escaping cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lepidium appelianum – globepodded hoarycress, whitetop
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern U.,S.
Habitat: Disturbed soil, waste areas, in dry and moist places.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lepidium campestre – field cress, field peppergrass, pepperwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, river and stream banks, wastelots, and other distrubed open, often dry soils.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lepidium chalepense – chalapa hoarycress, lens-podded hoarycress, Asian white-top
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, especially where dry, often associated with agriculture.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lepidium densiflorum – common peppergrass, elongate peppergrass, hairy-fruited peppergrass, large-fruited peppergrass, prairie peppergrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lepidium dictyotum – alkali peppergrass, veiny peppergrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: Open areas often where seasonally moist, such as vernal ponds; tolerant of alkaline soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Lepidium didymum – lesser swinecress, lesser wartcress
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Texas eastward and northward to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, gardens and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced from South America (or possibly Eurasia)
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lepidium draba – heart-podded hoarycress, hoary pepperwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, sagebrush desert, wastelots, and disturbed areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lepidium heterophyllum – purple-anther pepperweed, Smith's pepperweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, also in scattered locations in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, wastelots, and other disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lepidium latifolium – dittander, broad-leaved peppergrass, broad-leaved pepperwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, moist areas, irrigated land, stream banks, and drier upland areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lepidium nitidum – shining peppergrass
Distribution: Known from Klickitat County in Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Annual
Lepidium oblongum – oblong pepperweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in northwestern Washington, where possibly not fully naturalized; northwestern Washington and southwestern Oregon; native to the southern U.S. and Central America.
Habitat: Roadsides and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from the southern U.S. and Central America
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lepidium oxycarpum – forked pepperwort, sharpfruited pepperwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the San Juan Islands; disjunct in southern Vancouver Island and adjacent San Juan Islands, otherwise occurring in central California.
Habitat: Vernal pools and saline soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Lepidium perfoliatum – clasping-leaved peppergrass, round-leaved peppergrass, yellow-flowered peppergrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, such as overgrazed land and waste areas, usually where dry.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lepidium ramosissimum – branched peppergrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Sagebrush, ponderosa pine forest openings, roadsides, fields, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Lepidium strictum – upright peppergrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; western Washington to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Disturbed ground at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Lepidium virginicum – tall pepperweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Beach strand, grassy balds, grasslands, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. menziesii – coastal peppergrass, hairy peppergrass
• ssp. virginicum – tall peppergrass
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia – leatherleaf saxifrage
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, including the Olympic Mountains; Alaska to Oregon, east to Northwest Territory, Alberta, and Montana.
Habitat: Streambanks, seeps and wet meadows, middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leptosiphon bicolor – bicolored babystars, bicolored linanthus
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open areas at lower elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Leptosiphon bolanderi – Bolander's desert-trumpets, Baker's linanthus
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Klickitat County, Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry, open places at lower elevations, often on serpentine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Leptosiphon harknessii – Harkness's desert-trumpets, three-seed desert-trumpets
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Drier open places, from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains, often where moist to wet in spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Leptosiphon liniflorus – flax-flower desert-trumpets, thread-stem linanthus, thread-stemmed linanthus
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: open, dry areas in sagebrush flats to Ponderosa pine forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June.
Growth Duration: Annual
Leptosiphon minimus – true babystars
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington in the Puget Trough lowlands; southern Vancouver Island to California.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, and open, grassy, rocky areas near the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Leptosiphon nuttallii – Nuttall's leptosiphon
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades Range and Blue Mountains in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Colorado and New Mexico.
Habitat: Open rocky slopes at middle to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. nuttallii – Nuttall's leptosiphon
• ssp. pubescens – Nuttall's leptosiphon
Leptosiphon septentrionalis – northern desert-trumpets, northern linanthus
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: In seasonally wet open plains and slopes from low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lepyrodiclis holosteoides – False jagged-chickweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Whitman County, Washington; eastern Washington to adjacent west-central Idaho.
Habitat: Pea and wheat fields, roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-June
Leucanthemum ×superbum – Shasta daisy
Distribution: Occurring in lowlands in western Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leucanthemum vulgare – oxeye daisy
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, disturbed areas including roadsides, pastures, prairies, grasslands and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lewisia columbiana – Columbia lewisia
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open gravelly or rocky slopes and rock crevices at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. columbiana – Columbia lewisia
• var. rupicola – Columbia lewisia
Lewisia cotyledon – Siskiyou lewisia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Goat Rocks Wilderness, where it has been intentionally planted and may persist; otherwise southwestern Oregon to adjacent California.
Habitat: Alpine areas.
Origin: Introduced from Oregon and California
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. cotyledon
Lewisia nevadensis – Nevada bitterroot
Distribution: Occurring along and east of the Cascades crest, and in the Blue Mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, often gravelly, moist to mesic areas at middle elevations in the mountains to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lewisia pygmaea – least bitterroot, alpine lewisia, dwarf lewisia
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascade Mountains of Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, often gravelly, moist to rather dry areas, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lewisia rediviva – bitterroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and Arizona.
Habitat: Open gravelly and rocky areas from sagebrush plains to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. rediviva – bitterroot
Lewisia triphylla – three leaf bitterroot, three leaf lewisia
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana and south in the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, usually sandy areas where vernally moist, ponderosa pine forests to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lewisiopsis tweedyi – Tweedy's lewisia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Kittitas, Chelan, and Okanogan counties in Washington; endemic to southern British Columbia and north-central Washington.
Habitat: Rock outcroppings and dry slopes of open ponderosa pine/Douglas fir forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leymus cinereus – Great Basin wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush-steppe, arid grasslands, forest edges, and other dry, open areas in the intermountain west.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leymus condensatus – giant wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, where native.
Habitat: Sagebrush steppe and valley bottoms.
Origin: Introduced from California
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leymus flavescens – sand wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sandy soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leymus mollis – American dunegrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along the immediate marine coastline; Alaska to California, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Coastal sand dunes, marshes, and headlands, where tolerant of salt water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. mollis – yellow ryegrass
Leymus racemosus – mammoth lyme grass, mammoth wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to north-central Oregon, east to Wyoming.
Habitat: Sandy areas in sagebrush flats and plains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leymus triticoides – beardless lyme grass, beardless wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Texas.
Habitat: Dry to moist, often alkaline meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leymus ×vancouverensis – Vancouver wildrye
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along the marine coast; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Marine coastal shores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ligusticum apiifolium – celery-leaf wild lovage, parsely-leaf wild lovage
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Low elevation woodland slopes, prairies, and thickets.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ligusticum canbyi – Canby's wild lovage
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta and western Montana.
Habitat: Wet to somewhat dry soil, from montane forest openings to subalpine and alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ligusticum grayi – Gray's lovage, sheep wild lovage
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in the mountainous areas of Washington; northern Washington to California and Nevada, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist or sometimes dry open slopes and drier meadows in subalpine and alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ligustrum ovalifolium – California privet
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Disturbed forest edge, thickets, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ligustrum vulgare – common privet
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Texas, east to the Atlantic Coast
Habitat: At low elevations in forest understory, forest and prairie edges, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lilaeopsis occidentalis – western grasswort, western lilaeopsis
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Marshes, river banks, salt flats, muddy or sandy beaches and shores along and near the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lilium columbianum – Columbia lily
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to northwestern Montana.
Habitat: Prairies, forest edge, forest openings, and meadows from sea level to to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. alba
Limnanthes douglasii – Douglas's meadow-foam
Origin: Introduced
Limnobium laevigatum – smooth frogbit, South American sponge-plant
Distribution: Known from Pacific County in Washington; also known from California and the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Lowland ponds, where found floating on water\'s surface.
Origin: Introduced from the Carribean and South America
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Limonium californicum – western marsh-rosemary
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along the coast; northwestern Washington to Baja California, Mexico.
Habitat: Coastal salt marshes.
Origin: Introduced from Oregon or California
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Limosella acaulis – stemless mudwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Shallow, muddy waters of ponds, lakes, and slow-moving waters.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Limosella aquatica – awl-leaf mudwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains and further eastward to northeastern North America.
Habitat: In shallow water or wet mud of rivers, lakes, and ponds at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Linanthus pungens – prickly phlox
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open, sandy or rocky places, from sagebrush desert and plains to moderate elevations in the drier mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Linaria dalmatica – Dalmation toadflax
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. dalmatica – brown-leaved toadflax, Dalmatian toadflax, dalmatian toadflax
• ssp. macedonica – Dalmation toadflax
Linaria genistifolia – broomleaf toadflax
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; British Columbia to northeastern Oregon; in scattered localities across North America.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. genistifolia – broomleaf toadflax
Linaria grandiflora – large-flowered toadflax
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho; also in Colorado.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Linaria purpurea – purple toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest edge, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Linaria vulgaris – greater butter-and-eggs
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lindernia dubia – false pimpernel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed, open soil, often where moist near ponds, lakes, and streams, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Linnaea borealis – twinflower
Distribution: Widely distributed in forested and mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east in North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Open forest, forest edges, and peatlands from low elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. longiflora – longtube twinflower
Linum lewisii – wild blue flax
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from prairies to alpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. lewisii – wild blue flax
Linum perenne – blue garden flax
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Linum usitatissimum – linseed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Annual
Liparis loeselii – fen orchid, Loesel's twayblade
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington in south-central Washington; Northwest Territory to Washington, east to Montana; also from Canadian Great Plains to eastern North America where more common; also in western and central Europe.
Habitat: Around springs and in bogs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lipocarpha aristulata – halfchaff sedge
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and south-central Washington; Washington to California, in the southern Rocky Mountains, and in the central U.S.
Habitat: sandy soils of shorelines, stream banks, ponds, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Lipocarpha micrantha – small-flowered halfchaff sedge
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and along the lower Columbia River in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across the southern U.S.to the Great Plains and eastern North America.
Habitat: Drying sand on rivers and lakes, mudflats, vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Lipocarpha occidentalis – western halfchaff sedge
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington, where disjunct; south-central Oregon to California.
Habitat: Wet low ground.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Lithophragma glabrum – bulbiferous prairie star, bulbous woodland star
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Grasslands and sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lithophragma parviflorum – small-flower prairie star, small-flower woodland star
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, sagebrush desert, and forest openings, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lithophragma tenellum – slender prairie star, slender woodland star
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert and ponderosa pine forests openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lithospermum incisum – fringed stoneseed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known historically (1926) from Osoyoos Lake area; south-central British Columbia to southwest Montana, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lithospermum ruderale
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Sasketchewan and the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lloydia serotina – alpine lily
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon and Nevada, east to Alberta and New Mexico.
Habitat: Gravelly ridges, cliffs and rock crevices at high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. serotina – alpine lily
Lobelia dortmanna – water lobelia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon; circumboreal.
Habitat: In shallow water at the margins of ponds and lakes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lobelia erinus – trailing lobelia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Fields, roadside, wastelots, and other disturbed areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Lobelia kalmii – brook lobelia, Kalm's lobelia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and Atlantic coast.
Habitat: Bogs, ponds and lakeshores, and seeps.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lobularia maritima – sweet alyssum
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and southwestern U.S., eastward to also occurring throughout central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Escaping from cultivation to roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed areas, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from the western Mediterranean
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Loeflingia squarrosa – spreading pygmyleaf
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where disjunct in Benton County. southeastern Oregon to California, east to the southern Rocky Mountains and southern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, or gravelly desert areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Logfia gallica – daggerleaf cottonweed
Distribution: Known from east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington, and Willamette Valley Oregon to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Logfia minima – little cottonrose
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Heaths, sandy soils, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-Sept.
Growth Duration: Annual
Lolium multiflorum – annual ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Lolium perenne – English ryegrass, perennial ryegrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Old fields, roadsides, and waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lolium persicum – Persian ryegrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east across the northern U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lolium temulentum – darnel, tare
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across North America to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, pastures, and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. temulentum – darnel
Lomatium ambiguum – Wyeth biscuit-root, stream bank desert-parsley, swale desert-parsley, lacy lomatium
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to northeast Oregon, east to southeastern Alberta, western Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Open, often rocky slopes and flats, from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Lomatium anomalum – anomalous biscuit-root, nine-leaved biscuit-root
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest chiefly in the southeastern counties of Washington; southeastern Washington to eastern Oregon, east to western Idaho and northwestern Montana.
Habitat: Open slopes, usually on clay soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium bradshawii – Bradshaw's biscuit-root, Bradshaw's desert-parsley, Bradshaw's lomatium
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Clark County in Washington; southwestern Washington to the Willamette Valley near Eugene, Oregon.
Habitat: Wet meadows at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium brandegeei – Brandegee's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to south-central Washington.
Habitat: Open to wooded slopes from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium brevifolium – narrowfruit biscuit-root, short-leaved biscuit-root, short-leaved desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; north-central Washington to Hood River and Wasco counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Balds, slopes, and forest openings, often where rocky, from the lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium canbyi – Canby's biscuit-root, chucklusa, Canby's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, chiefly in the Columbia River Basin; central Washington to northeastern Nevada, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Scablands and sagebrush steppe in rather deep soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium columbianum – purple biscuit-root, Columbia Gorge desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the south-central and Columbia River Gorge areas in Washington; south-central Washington to Hood River and Wasco counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Open slopes in low elevation valleys to low montane.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium cous – cous biscuit-root, cous, cous-root desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to northeast Nevada, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky places often with sagebrush; common at low elevations, occasionally found at higher elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium cuspidatum – Wenatchee biscuit-root, Wenatchee desert-parsley, Wenatchee Mountain lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic to the Wenatchee Mountains of Chelan and Kittitas counties in Washington.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes, often on serpentine, from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium dissectum – fern-leaved biscuit-root, sessile-fruited fern-leaved biscuit-root, fern-leaved desert parsley, fern-leaved lomatium
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, disjunct in west-central Idaho.
Habitat: Open areas from the valleys and foothills to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium farinosum – northern biscuit-root, Hamblen's lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to western Idaho, disjunct in Wasco County, Oregon.
Habitat: Rocky slopes and scablands, often on lithosol and with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium geyeri – Geyer's desert-parsley, Geyer's lomatium
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Washington, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Deeper soil in low to mid-elevations of open, dry areas, and under Ponderosa pine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium gormanii – Gorman's desert-parsley, Gorman's lomatium, salt and pepper
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open slopes and scablands in the foothills, valleys and plains, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: December-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium klickitatense – Klickitat biscuit-root, Klickitat desert-parsley, Klickitat lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Columbia River Gorge area in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent Oregon.
Habitat: Dry to seasonally moist, areas and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium knokei – Knoke's biscuit-root, Knoke's desert-parsley, Knoke's lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic to Kittitas County.
Habitat: Open, vernally wet, gently sloping meadows of fine-textured clay soils at approximately 1200 meters.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium laevigatum – smooth biscuit-root, slickrock desert-parsley, smooth lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent Oregon.
Habitat: Crevices is basalt cliffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium leptocarpum – gumbo biscuit-root, gumbo lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to southern Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Seasonally wet, usually shallow-soil meadows, and micro-depressions in vernally wet, rocky sites, often with clay component.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium linearifolium – linear-leaved biscuit-root, linear-leaved desert-parsley, linear-leaved lomatium, turkey peas
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to north-central Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Open slopes and ridges, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium lithosolamans – Hoover's biscuit-root, Hoover's desert-parsley, Hoover's lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic to Kittitas and Yakima counties.
Habitat: Open, rocky, shallow soil on xeric sites at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium macrocarpum – large-fruit desert-parsley, bigseed lomatium
Distribution: Widely distributed east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open, dry, rocky areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium martindalei – Cascade biscuit-root, Cascade desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern California.
Habitat: Dry meadows and rocky outcroppings from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium multifidum – fern-leaved biscuit-root, fern-leaved desert-parsley, fern-leaved lomatium
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, often rocky slopes and dry meadows, lowlands to low alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium nudicaule – bare-stemmed biscuit-root
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open areas, including on lithosols, from lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium papilioniferum – butterfly bearing biscuit-root, butterfly bearing desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert and open slopes at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium piperi – Piper's biscuit-root, Piper's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to northern California.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium quintuplex – Umptanum biscuit-root, Umptanum desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington, where endemic to eastern Kittitas County and northeastern Yakima County.
Habitat: Generally in lithosol areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium rollinsii – Rollins's biscuit-root, Rollins's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to the canyons of the Snake and lower Salmon Rivers in eastern Oregon and western Idaho.
Habitat: Open slopes in grasslands, on rocky or fine-textured, loess-derived soils, from valleys to the montane.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium roneorum – Rone's biscuit-root, Rone's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic to Chelan County.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes in Ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium salmoniflorum – Salmon River biscuit-root, Salmon River desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to the Snake and Clearwater rivers in Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: February-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium sandbergii – Sandberg's biscuit-root, Sandberg's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to southeastern Alberta and northwestern Montana.
Habitat: Rocky slopes and ridges at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium serpentinum – Snake Canyon biscuit-root, Snake Canyon desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to the Hells Canyon area of Oregon and Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky slopes from lowland valleys to the montane.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium simplex – nine-leaf biscuit-root, nine-leaf desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Moderately dry to moist grasslands and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium suksdorfii – Suksdorf's biscuit-root, Suksdorf's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington at the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Klickitat County; south-central Washington to Hood River and Wasco counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Open slopes, forest edge and openings, often where dry, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium tamanitchii – ribseed biscuit-root, ribseed desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest at the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington, where endemic to Klickitat County.
Habitat: Open slopes and valleys, typically in clay-rich, silicic volcanic ash-derived soils at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium tenuissimum – Leiberg's biscuit-root, Leiberg's umbrella-wort
Distribution: Historically occurring east of the Cascades crest along the eastern border of southern Washington; eastern Washington to adjacent western Idaho.
Habitat: Vernally moist meadows with fine-textured soils at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium thompsonii – Thompson's biscuit-root, Thompson's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to Chelan and Kittitas counties.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes and ponderosa pine forest openings, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium triternatum – triternate biscuit-root
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta and western Montana.
Habitat: Open hillsides and slopes, forest edge and opening, typically where dry, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium tuberosum – Hoover's biscuit-root, Hoover's lomatium, potato desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington, where endemic to Benton, Grant, Kittitas, and Yakima counties. Scattered locations in Yakima County, Washington, and adjacent counties.
Habitat: Rocky slopes and talus fields at middle elevations .
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium utriculatum – common biscuit-root, bladder desert-parsley, spring-gold
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Grassy balds, prairies, meadows, and open slopes, often at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lomatium watsonii – Watson's biscuit-root, Watson's desert-parsley
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and south-central Washington; central Washingotn to Wasco County, Oregon.
Habitat: Open hillsides, often with sagebrush, from valleys to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera ×bella – showy fly honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho, scattered localities in central North America, and more widespread in eastern North America.
Habitat: Forest edge and understory, riparian areas, and disturbed areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera cauriana – bluefly honeysuckle, sweet-berry honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades from Mt. Adams south in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Wet meadows and thickets, from montane to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera ciliosa – orange honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring in or near forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Open to rather dense woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera conjugialis – purple-flower honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington mostly from Mt. Adams south, though a historical record is known from Yakima County; south-central Washington to the Sierra Nevada of California.
Habitat: In woods, meadows and moist open slopes at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera etrusca – Etruscan honeysuckle
Distribution: Occasional west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Thickets, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera hispidula – hairy honeysuckle, pink honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest understory and edge, thickets, balds, and open woodlands at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera involucrata – bearberry honeysuckle, black twin-berry
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Forest openings and edge, thickets, and marshes from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. involucrata – bearberry honeysuckle, black twin-berry
Lonicera japonica – Japanese honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, scattered eastward across the U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, woods, and thickets.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera periclymenum – woodbine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; western Washington to California, also in scattered locations in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, forest edge, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera pileata – privet honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where sparingly escaped from cultivation.
Habitat: Escaping from cultivation in forest understory.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera tatarica – Tartarian honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, woods, and thickets.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lonicera utahensis – Rocky Mountain honeysuckle, Utah honeysuckle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: From middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lotus corniculatus – bird's-foot trefoil, garden bird's-foot trefoil
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: Open, mesic to wet areas, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lotus tenuis – narrowleaf bird's-foot trefoil, narrowleaf trefoil, slender trefoil
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lotus uliginosus – big lotus, big trefoil, large bird's-foot trefoil
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho; east across Canada to Nova Scotia; scattered localities in eastern U.S.
Habitat: Moist to wet disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned lots, and coastal tidelands.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ludwigia hexapetala – false loosestrife, water primrose
Distribution: Scattered locations throughout Washington; along Columbia River near Portland, OR, introduced in much of North America.
Habitat: Swamps, lakes, and streams.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ludwigia palustris – marsh primrose-willow, water purslane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and along the Columbia River in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, east across the southwestern U.S. and southern Great Plains to eastern North America; also occurring in New World Tropics and Eurasia.
Habitat: Lakes, marshes, peatlands, shores, and wet meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ludwigia peploides – floating primrose-willow
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in King County in Washington; otherwise northern Oregon to California, east across the southwestern U.S. and southern Great Plains to eastern North America.
Habitat: Noxious; ponds, slow streams, and sloughs.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. montevidensis – floating primrose-willow
Luetkea pectinata – luetkea, partridgefoot
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascades mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Northwest Territory, Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Usually on sandy soil in moist or shady places, subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Luina hypoleuca – littleleaf luina, silverback luina, littleleaf silverback
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, rocky areas, from moist to somewhat dry, at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lunaria annua – honesty, money plant
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Utah; also distributed throughout eastern North America.
Habitat: Escaping from cultivation to urban forests, roadsides, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from southeast Europe
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Lupinus albicaulis – sicklekeel lupine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, and in western Nevada.
Habitat: Lowland prairies, grasslands, meadows, and open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Lupinus arboreus – tree lupine, yellow bush lupine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington in the lowlands and along the Pacific coast; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Sandy soil at low elevations, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from California, where native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lupinus arbustus – longspur lupine, spurred lupine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts and ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lupinus argenteus – silvery lupine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains, and ponderosa pine forests to subalpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. argenteus – silvery lupine
Lupinus bicolor – field lupine, small-flowered lupine, two-color lupine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington, but also in the southeastern part of state; British Columbia to California, east to Arizona.
Habitat: Open meadows, grasslands, prairies, and sandy riverbanks at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lupinus latifolius – broadleaf lupine
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Lowland prairies to subalpine meadows and alpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. latifolius – broadleaf lupine
• var. subalpinus – broadleaf lupine
Lupinus lepidus – prairie lupine
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open areas from lowland prairies and sagebrush flats to alpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. aridus – prairie lupine
• var. lepidus – Pacific lupine
• var. lobbii
• var. utahensis – prairie lupine
Lupinus leucophyllus – velvet lupine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains, grasslands, and ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. leucophyllus – velvet lupine
• var. tenuispicus – velvet lupine
Lupinus littoralis – seashore lupine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the coastal counties of Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Immediate coastline in dunes and on beaches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. littoralis – seashore lupine
Lupinus microcarpus – chick lupine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal bluffs, grassy balds, and other dry to moist, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. microcarpus – chick lupine
Lupinus nootkatensis – Nootka lupine
Distribution: Reported from northwest area of Washington; Alaska and Yukon Territory to Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
Habitat: Mesic meadows, stream banks, thickets, and forest openings.
Origin: Introduced from British Columbia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lupinus oreganus – Kincaid's lupine, Oregon lupine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; southwestern Washington to the Willamette Valley in Oregon, also known historically from Vancouver Island.
Habitat: Moist to dry areas of prairies and openings in oak woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. kincaidii – Kincaid's lupine, Oregon lupine
Lupinus pachylobus – big-pod lupine
Distribution: Occurring in San Juan County in Washington; disjunct in the Gulf Islands of Canada and San Juan Islands of Washington, otherwise in California.
Habitat: Rocky balds and dry slopes
Origin: Native?
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Lupinus polyphyllus – bigleaf lupine, large-leaved lupine
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Colorado.
Habitat: Moist areas and stream banks, lowlands to subalpine and alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. burkei – large-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine
• var. humicola – Wyeth's lupine
• var. pallidipes – large-leaved lupine
• var. polyphyllus – large-leaved lupine
• var. prunophilus – large-leaved lupine
Lupinus pusillus – low lupine, rusty lupine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, often where sandy.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. intermontanus – low lupine, rusty lupine
Lupinus rivularis – river bank lupine, stream bank lupine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Gravelly prairies, open woods and riverbanks at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lupinus sabinianus – Sabin's lupine
Distribution: Occurring in the Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Ponderosa pine forest openings and grasslands at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lupinus saxosus – rock lupine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Mostly on basaltic rimrock in sagebrush desert or pine woodland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lupinus sericeus – silky lupine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta and Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts to forest openings at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. asotinensis – Asotin silk lupine
• var. sericeus – silky lupine
Lupinus sulphureus – Bingen lupine, sulfur lupine
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to central Oregon, possibly east to adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grassland, and open ponderosa pine forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. bingenensis – Bingen lupine
• var. sulphureus – sulphur lupine
Luzula arcuata – curved woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to south-central Washington, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Rocky or gravelly soil, usually on moraines or above timberline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. unalaschcensis – curved woodrush
Luzula campestris – field woodrush
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to western Washington; also in New England.
Habitat: Lowland lawns or dry, disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. campestris – field woodrush
Luzula cascadensis – Cascades woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Wet or peaty montane meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Luzula comosa – Pacific woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Coastal to montane openings, rocky slopes, forests and shores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. comosa – pale woodrush
• var. laxa – Pacific woodrush
Luzula forsteri – southern woodrush
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; lowland western Washington and Salem, OR.
Habitat: Low elevation disturbed sites including lawns, parks, and forest edge.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. forsteri – southern woodrush
Luzula hitchcockii – Hitchcock's woodrush, smooth woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Crater Lake and the Wallowa Mountains of Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana, and northwestern Wyoming.
Habitat: Montane forests to alpine slopes, ridges and meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Luzula macrantha – large-anthered woodrush, large-flowered woodrush, prairie woodrush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, grasslands, and forest openings at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Luzula multiflora – common woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and western Montana; also in northeastern United States.
Habitat: Fields, meadows, open woods and clearings, at low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Luzula parviflora – small-flowered woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Moist to fairly dry areas, coastal rain forest to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Luzula piperi – Piper's woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and northwestern Wyoming.
Habitat: Moraines, rocky slopes, open forest, and subalpine to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Luzula spicata – spiked woodrush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across northern Canada to northeastern North America; also in Eurasia.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine slopes, moraines, and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. spicata – spiked woodrush
Luzula subsessilis – short-stalked wood-rush
Distribution: Ocurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Dunes, ledges, meadows, and open forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lychnis coronaria – rose campion
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Montana, and Utah; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Along roadways, railways and waste land.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycium barbarum – matrimony-vine
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycium chinense – Chinese wolfberry
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; sporadically distributed across North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycopodiella inundata – bog clubmoss, marsh clubmoss, northern bog clubmoss
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California; in scattered locations in north central Canada; from Minnesota and Ontarioa east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet areas, pond and lakeshores from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycopodium clavatum – common clubmoss, elk-moss
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also in central and eastern North America; circumboreal
Habitat: Moist coniferous woods and swamps.
Origin: Native
Spores: Produces spores April-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycopodium lagopus – one-cone clubmoss, ptarmigan clubmoss
Distribution: Occurring in the North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to northern Washington, western Montana, the Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Moist, open areas, montane to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycopsis arvensis – annual bugloss, European bugloss, small bugloss
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east sporadically to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. arvensis – annual bugloss, European bugloss, small bugloss
Lycopus americanus – cut-leaf water-horehound
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Nonalkaline wetland, riparian, pond and lakeshore sites at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycopus asper – rough water-horehound
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Marshes and shores of streams and lakes; tolerant of alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycopus europaeus – European water-horehound
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Wetlands and shorelines.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lycopus uniflorus – northern bugleweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks, marshes and peat bogs, mostly in the mountains, but descending to sea level west of the Cascades.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lygodesmia juncea – rush skeletonplant
Distribution: Known from Spokane County in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to eastern Washington, Idaho and Nevada, east to Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often in sandy soil, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysichiton americanus – skunk cabbage, yellow skunk cabbage
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Marshes, swamps, and forested wetlands from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia arvensis – scarlet pimpernel
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lysimachia ciliata – fringed yellow-loosestrife
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Riparian zones, wet meadows, marshes, shores, springs, and moist forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia europaea – arctic starflower, northern starflower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Northwest Territories, Sasketchewan, and Idaho; also in Eurasia.
Habitat: Bogs and swamps, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia hybrida – lance-leaved yellow loosestrife, lowland loosestrife, Mississippi loosestrife, lowland yellow-loosestrife
Origin: Introduced
Lysimachia latifolia – broad-leaved starflower, western starflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to northern Idaho.
Habitat: Prairies, woodlands, and forest openings from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia maritima – sea milkwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascade crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Newfoundland, south in eastern North America to Virginia; circumboreal
Habitat: Coastal tideflats and saline areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia minima – chaffweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist ground and vernal pools at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Lysimachia nummularia – creeping-Jenny
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Nevada; occurring in central U.S and eastern North America.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed ground along lakes, ponds, roadsides and near gardens.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia punctata – large yellow-loosestrife
Distribution: Occurring in scattered localities on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana; scattered throughout central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Old fields, roadsides and stream banks.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia terrestris – swampcandles
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho; native and abundant in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Cultivated cranberry bogs, and swamps.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia thyrsiflora – tufted yellow-loosestrife
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Swamps, lakes and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lysimachia vulgaris – garden yellow-loosestrife
Distribution: Occurring in scattered localities on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana; widely distributed in eastern North America.
Habitat: Uncommon garden escape of moist areas, lake and pond margins, and riparian zones.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lythrum hyssopifolia – hyssop loosestrife
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Lythrum portula – spatula-leaf loosestrife
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Wetlands, disturbed moist areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Lythrum salicaria – purple loosestrife, long purples
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed of standing water and wet ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
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